sandy, mixed, frigid, ortstein Typic Durorthod
(Wallace series)

These soils are found on dunes and sandy outwash plains in northern Michigan and New York. Mean annual precipitation is 27-34 inches, and mean annual temperature ranges from 41-45 degrees F. This soil has a very distinct spodic horizon, which is strongly cemented and referred to as an ortstein. Note the irregular topography of the E/Bhsm and Bhsm/Bsm horizon boundaries. Wallace soils are used almost entirely for second-growth woodlands. For more in formation on the Wallace soil, click here.